Trna codons code#

Rozov, A., Demeshkina, N., Westhof, E., Yusupov, M. Celebrating wobble decoding: half a century and still much is new. Thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase fusion proteins and their use in cDNA synthesis and next-generation RNA sequencing. Broad and adaptable RNA structure recognition by the human interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat protein IFIT5. Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells. Highly variable cancer subpopulations that exhibit enhanced transcriptome variability and metastatic fitness. Extracellular metabolic energetics can promote cancer progression. Cancer, oxidative stress, and metastasis. Transcriptome-wide measurement of translation by ribosome profiling. Revealing global regulatory perturbations across human cancers. Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung. Mutation bias within oncogene families is related to proliferation-specific codon usage. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a tumour suppressor in breast cancer and regulates codon-dependent translation dynamics. Tumour-specific proline vulnerability uncovered by differential ribosome codon reading. Asparagine bioavailability governs metastasis in a model of breast cancer. ANKRD16 prevents neuron loss caused by an editing-defective tRNA synthetase. Overexpression of initiator methionine tRNA leads to global reprogramming of tRNA expression and increased proliferation in human epithelial cells. A dual program for translation regulation in cellular proliferation and differentiation.

Modulated expression of specific tRNAs drives gene expression and cancer progression. tRNA over-expression in breast cancer and functional consequences. What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation. Insights into the decoding mechanism from recent ribosome structures.

Trna codons code#

Degeneracy of the genetic code can thus be biologically exploited by human cancer cells via tRNA isoacceptor shifts that causally facilitate the transition toward a growth-promoting state. Our findings uncover a specific isoacceptor tRNA pair that act in opposition, divergently impacting growth-regulating genes and a disease phenotype. These tRNAs mediated opposing effects on codon-dependent translation of growth-promoting genes, consistent with genomic enrichment or depletion of their cognate codons in mitotic genes. Functionally, tRNA Ile UAU promoted and tRNA Ile GAU suppressed metastatic colonization in mouse xenograft models. Specifically, tRNA Ile UAU became upregulated, whereas tRNA Ile GAU became repressed as breast cancer cells attained enhanced metastatic capacity. We report the surprising observation that two isoacceptor tRNAs that decode synonymous codons become modulated in opposing directions during breast cancer progression. Synonymous codons representing a given amino acid are decoded by a set of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) called isoacceptors.

The human genome contains 61 codons encoding 20 amino acids.